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第五章 主理和教师
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Chapter 5—To Superintendents and Teachers
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如何取得成功
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How to Succeed
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在我们的安息日学中有一种重要的工作要完成,那些管理这些学校的人应该追求以智慧和机智行事。与人心打交道是一种美好而重要的工作,要留下正确的印象,给出正确的品格模式。聪明的教育者会设法调动学生的才干和能力,而不是不断地致力于发出指示。{TSS 16.1}
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There is earnest work to be done in our Sabbath-schools, and those who have the management of these schools should seek to move with wisdom and tact. It is a nice and important work to deal with minds, to leave a right impression, to give the right mould to character. It is a wise educator who seeks to call out the ability and powers of the student, instead of constantly endeavoring to impart instruction. {TSS 16.1}
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我多次收到来信,询问安息日学主理的责任问题。有一位感到很难过,因为他不能唤醒教师和学员更深的兴趣,他说自己花了许多时间与他们交谈,向他们解释了他认为重要的每件事,要他们明白,可是他们却似乎很缺乏兴趣。他们没有受到虔诚的感动。我在这里要对这位诚实的弟兄说,也对其他可能在类似的困难下工作的人说,要自省,看看你是否在很大程度上对这种缺乏宗教兴趣的现象负有责任。许多人努力去做太多的事,却没能鼓励教师和学生们去做他们所能做的。他们需要伟大的单纯和宗教的热诚。他们在安息日学和教师聚会上作冗长枯燥的演讲,从而使教师和学生心中厌烦。这种讲论是很不合适的。他们没有使自己的教训适应安息日学真正的需要,也没能吸引人心,因为他们自己的心并没有充满属灵的同情。他们没有意识到,他们冗长乏味的讲话正在消灭人们对安息日学的兴趣和关爱。……{TSS 16.2}
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At different times I have received letters of inquiry in regard to the duties of the Sabbath-school superintendent. One who felt grieved because he could not awaken a deeper interest on the part of teachers and scholars, said that he took much time in talking with them, explaining everything he thought essential for them to understand, and yet there seemed to be a great lack of interest. They were not moved religiously. I would here say to this honest brother, and to any others who may be laboring under similar difficulties, Examine to see if you are not responsible, in a great degree, for this lack of religious interest. Many try to do too much, and fail to encourage their teachers and students to do what they can. They need great simplicity and religious earnestness. They make long, dry speeches in the Sabbath-school and the teachers’ meeting, thus wearying the minds of both teachers and students. Such remarks are greatly out of place. They do not adapt their instruction to the real wants of the school, and they fail to draw hearts to them, for their own hearts are not full of spiritual sympathy. They do not realize that by their long, tedious talks they are killing the interest in, and love for, the school.... {TSS 16.2}
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何时工人的心与基督表同情了,何时基督因活泼的信心住在他们里面了,他们讲话的时间才会不及以前的一半,也不会象现在有些人那样显得精明过分;他们以爱心和单纯所说的话才会感动人心,他们才会与教师、学员及教会成员密切表同情。{TSS 17.1}
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When the hearts of the workers are brought into sympathy with Christ, when He abides in them by living faith, they will not talk one-half as long, nor manifest one-half the smartness, that some do now; but what they say in love and simplicity will reach the heart, and they will be brought in close sympathy with teachers, scholars, and church-members. {TSS 17.1}
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真正的教育者会使听众的思路跟着他走。他的言语会少而恳切,发自内心,充满同情,且因对宝贵生灵的爱而让人感到温暖。他获得教育的机会或许有限,他本来的能力或许很少,但对工作的热爱和乐于谦卑作工的心态会使他能唤醒教师和学员们心中深切的兴趣。年轻人的心会受吸引归向他。他的工作不会徒具形式。他会有能力抛砖引玉,使教师和学生拿出属灵的和智慧的真理瑰宝。这样,在教育他人的同时,他自己也受了教育。学员们不是因他显出知识渊博而充满敬畏,却以简单的语言讲述学课在他们心中留下的印象。结果就必在安息日学中造成深厚而活泼的兴趣。他藉着基督福音的简朴,就地感动了学员们的心。他们的心融化了,此时他就可以把他们塑造成主的形像了。{TSS 17.2}
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A true educator will carry the minds of his hearers with him. His words will be few but earnest. Coming from the heart, they will be full of sympathy, and warm with the love for precious souls. His educational advantages may have been limited, and he may have but little natural ability, but a love for the work and a willingness to labor in humility will enable him to awaken a deep interest in both teachers and scholars. The hearts of the young will be drawn to him. His work will not be a mere form. He may have the ability to draw out from both teachers and students precious gems of spiritual and intellectual truths, and thus, while educating others, he will be educated himself. The scholars are not awed by his display of profound knowledge, and in simple language they tell what impression the lesson has made upon their minds. The result is a deep and living interest in the school. Through the simplicity of the gospel of Christ, he has reached them where they are. Their hearts are melted, and now he can mould them into the image of his Master. {TSS 17.2}
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智力敏捷锐利或许是一个有利条件,但教育工作者的能力在于他的心与世界的亮光和生命有联络。他会爱人,总是设法使人达到更高的层次。他不会总是责备别人,而会心中充满怜悯。他不会自视伟大,也不会不断追求支持和加强自己的尊严;而会在自己的生活的表现耶稣的谦卑。他会感到基督话语的真实性:“离了我,你们就不能做什么”(约15:5)。我们非常需要这样的教师。上帝必与他们同工。基督说:“我心里柔和谦卑,你们当学我的样式。”许多从事安息日学工作的人需要神圣的光照。他们缺乏属灵的眼光,看不出他们所服务之人的需要。{TSS 17.3}
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A keen, sharp intellect may be an advantage, but the power of the educator is in his heart connection with the Light and Life of the world. He will love humanity and ever seek to bring it to a higher level. He will not always be blaming others, but his heart will be filled with pity. He will not be great in his own estimation, neither will he seek constantly to bolster up and strengthen his own dignity; but the humility of Jesus will be personified in his life. He will feel the truth of the words of Christ, “Without Me ye can do nothing.” Such teachers as these are greatly needed. God will work with them. “Learn of Me,” says Christ; “for I am meek and lowly of heart.” Many who are engaged in the Sabbath-school work need divine enlightenment. They lack spiritual insight to enable them to apprehend the wants of those for whom they are laboring. {TSS 17.3}
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指出错误
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Mistakes Pointed Out
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安息日学若办理得当,就是上帝使人认识真理的一大工具。教师占用所有的讲话时间并不是最好的计划,应当抛砖引玉,叫学员们说出他们所知道的。然后教师要用几句简要的评论或说明,使他们铭记所学的教训。教师在任何情况下都不应该机械呆板地讲授学课,然后坐下来,让孩子们东张西望、窃窃私语或是玩耍,就象我们常见的那样。这样教学是没有益处的;往往有害。教师若是预备妥当,就能利用每一刻光阴使学员受益。孩子们活跃的头脑应该常常加以使用。应该引出他们的想法,并且按情形的需要予以纠正或认可。但教师绝不应该坐下来,说:“我讲完了。”教训没有讲完的时候。{TSS 18.1}
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The Sabbath-school, if rightly conducted, is one of God’s great instrumentalities to bring souls to a knowledge of the truth. It is not the best plan for teachers to do all the talking, but they should draw out the class to tell what they know. Then let the teacher, with a few brief, pointed remarks or illustrations, impress the lesson upon their minds. Under no circumstances should teachers go through the lesson mechanically, and then sit down, leaving the children to stare about, or whisper and play, as we have seen them do. Such teaching is not beneficial; it is often injurious. If the teacher is properly prepared, every moment can be used to profit. The active minds of the children should be kept constantly employed. Their ideas should be drawn out and corrected, or approved, as the case may require. But never should the teacher sit down, saying, “I am through.” There is no such thing as getting through with the lesson. {TSS 18.1}
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主理们,决不要在教师或学员们面前责骂人或埋怨人。你们若是想对学校发挥为善的感化力,就要抛弃鞭子,并且发挥上天鼓舞人心的感化力,这样才会使大家与你同心。在为安息日学制定计划和规章时,要尽可能地使之代表学校的意见。在有些学校中有,有一种尖刻批评的精神。在形式和规则方面作了不少的事,那更重要的事,就是上帝的怜悯和仁爱,却被忽视了。要让大家都快乐。若有什么人心中乌云密布,就要在参赴安息日学之前走出来进入阳光里。一位母亲若是经常讲述自己的挫折,向儿女抱怨他们缺乏感激,就无法管好他们。教师和主管们哪,你们也是这样。你们若在这方面看到缺乏,就不要说出来,免得减少你的感化力;却要以一种安静的方式发挥你的感化力,纠正弊端。要计划、研究如何造就一个组织良好、训练有素的学校。{TSS 19.1}
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Superintendents, never scold nor complain before your teachers or scholars. If you wish to influence the school for good, put away the whip, and exert a heaven-inspiring influence, which will carry the minds of all with you. In making plans and regulations for the school, let them represent, as nearly as possible, the voice of the school. In some schools there is a sharp, critical spirit. Much is made of forms and rules, while the weightier matters, mercy and the love of God, are neglected. Let all be cheerful. If any have clouds encompassing their souls, let them work out into the sunlight before they enter the Sabbath-school. A mother who is constantly relating her discouragements, and complaining to her children of their lack of appreciation, can not have proper control of them. So will it be with you, teachers and superintendents. If you see a lack in this respect, do not lessen your influence by speaking of it; but in a quiet way set influences to work that will correct the evil. Plan, study how to secure a well-organized, well-disciplined school. {TSS 19.1}
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所有在学校的人都应该感到自己是学习者。如果我们想成为真正的教育者,我们就要成为每日的学习者。教导是一件高尚的事;学习是一件幸福的事。知识是一种宝贵的财富,我们获得的越多,如果我们正确利用它,我们的工作就会做得越好。我们这些上帝的工人应该多要耶稣,少要自己。我们应有更多救人的愿望,当每日祈求,使你在安息日得到力量和智慧。教师们哪,要与班上的学生相处。与他们一起祷告,教他们如何祷告。要使心地柔和,献上的请求要短简而恳切。你们的言语要寡少,且要精心选择;要言传身教地让他们知道,上帝的道必须扎根在他们心中,否则他们就经受不住试探的考验。我们希望看到全班的年轻人都悔改归向上帝,成长为教会中有为的肢体。(《安息日学工作者》1885年10月1日文章A){TSS 19.2}
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All in the school should feel themselves learners. We are to become daily learners if we would be true educators. It is a noble thing to teach; it is a blessed thing to learn. Knowledge is a precious possession, and the more we obtain of it, the better work will we do if we make a right use of it. As workers for God we want more of Jesus and less of self. We should have more of a burden for souls, and should pray daily that strength and wisdom may be given us for the Sabbath. Teachers, meet with your classes. Pray with them, and teach them how to pray. Let the heart be softened, and the petitions short and simple, but earnest. Let your words be few and well chosen; and let them learn from your lips and your example that the truth of God must be rooted in their hearts or they can not stand the test of temptation. We want to see whole classes of young people being converted to God, and growing up useful members of the church.—Sabbath-School Worker, October 1, 1885, Art. A, par. 8. {TSS 19.2}
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